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Comparing Statewide Economic Impacts of New Generation from
Wind, Coal, and Natural Gas in Arizona, Colorado, and
Michigan
NREL
Technical Report May 2006 - "Initial results indicate that
adding new wind power can be more economically effective
than adding new gas or coal power and that a higher
percentage of dollars spent on coal and gas will leave the
state."
Utility Wind
Integration Group has recently released a "Utility
Wind Integration State of the Art" in May 2006.
"Since wind
is primarily an energy – not a capacity – source, no
additional generation needs to be added to provide back-up
capability provided that wind capacity is properly
discounted in the determination of generation."
Wisconsin Energies
Cost Impact Study on Wind Integration
-
Final Report July 2003
"The
results obtained show that the total incremental ancillary
service cost for wind integration including regulation,
intra-hour load following and hour-ahead forecast
uncertainty ranges from $1.90 to $2.92 per MW-hr of wind
production for total system wind capacities ranging from 250
to 2,000 MW."
Minnesota - Xcel
Energy Wind Integration Report
- Sept 2004
"...costs
of integrating 1,500MW of wind generation into the Xcel
control area in 2010 are no higher than $4.60/MWhr of wind
generation, and are dominated by costs incurred by Xcel to
accommodate the significant variability of wind generation
forecast errors for the day-ahead time frame."
Community Wind Financing 2004
A handbook
by the Environmental Law & Policy Center
US DOE Green Power Network - List of Retail Products by State
Current
listing of retail green power products per state.
US DOE Green Power Network - Large Purchasers of Green Power
States who
have begun to purchase wind power:
Universities who have begun to purchase wind power:
Pennsylvania Consortium of Wind Power Purchasers
The state
of Pennsylvania ranks 22nd in the nation in wind resource.
However, a
consortium of
33 higher education institutions have joined in purchasing
wind power. Many other states and higher education
institutions have done so as well. They purchase power
at a premium from Community Energy (below).
Community Energy
This
Pennsylvania based company produces a "NewWindEnergy" product.
The product consists of 100kW-hour blocks of wind power
purchased directly from Community Energy or through
a small number of utility companies.
Two
new turbines installed in Bowling Green, Ohio in 2004 for a
total of four...
The closest
wind
machines to SE Michigan are now located just west of I-75 at a
municipal landfill in Bowling Green, OH. The four 1.8MW turbines are the largest wind
turbines west of the Rockies. Two units installed in 2003
performed so well, Bowling Green Municipal
Utilities added two more in Nov. 2004 !!! The wind farm
operated at 30% capacity and 97% availability during its first
month of operation.
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