Degrees:
Ph.D candidacy, University of Michigan, 1961-1965
M.A., University of Michigan, 1961

Selected Publications:

"De Witt Sanford Dykes Sr." in African American National Biography, eds. Henry Louis Gates Jr. and Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).

"Becoming African American" in Legacy: Treasures of Black History, eds. Thomas C. Battle and Donna M. Wells (Washington: National Geographic Society, 2006).

"Mel Farr" in Notable Black American Men, vol. 2, ed. Jessie Carney Smith (Farmington Hills: Gale, 2006).

"Leontine T.C. Kelley," "Vashti McKenzie" and "Methodist Women" in Black Women in America, 3 vols., 2nd edition, ed. Darlene Clark Hine (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005).

"Frederick B. Pelham," "Cornelius Henderson," "Francis E. Griffin," "Elon H. Mickels" and "De Witt Sanford Dykes, Sr. (1903-1991)," in African-American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945, ed. D.S. Wilson (New York: Routledge, 2004).

"Meta E. Pelham," "Linda Lee," Joyce F. Garrett," "Denise Page Hood" and "Victoria Roberts" in Notable Black American Women, vol. 3, ed. Jessie Carney Smith (Farmington Hills: Gale, 2002).

Editor, section on "Law" in The African American Almanac, ed. Jessie Carney Smith and Joseph M. Palmisano (Detroit: Gale, 8th edition 2000; 9th edition 2002; 10th edition 2007).

"Thurgood Marshall," "Benjamin F. Gibson," "De Witt S. Dykes, Sr." and "Wade H. McCree, Jr." in Notable Black American Men, vol. 1, ed. Jessie Carney Smith (Detroit: Gale, 1999).

"Barbara-Rose Collins" and "Ida Gray Nelson Rollins (1867-1953)" in Notable Black American Women, vol. 2, ed. Jessie Carney Smith (Detroit: Gale, 1996).

"Background Material: Things To Know Before You Begin" in African-American Genealogical Sourcebook, ed. Paula Byers (Detroit: Gale, 1995).

"Leontine Kelly" in Epic Lives: One Hundred Black Women Who Made a Difference, ed. J.C. Smith (Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1993).

"Carleszetta Lina Campbell Waddles," "Bernadine Newsom Denning," "Daisy Lenoir Elliott," "Mary Eleanora McCoy" and "Anna Diggs Taylor" in Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia, ed. Darlene Clark Hine (New York: Carlson, 1993).

"Bernadine Newsom Denning," "Daisy Lenoir Elliott," "Leontine Turpeau Current Kelley," "Mary Eleanora McCoy" and "Anna Diggs Taylor" in Notable Black American Women, ed. Jessie Carney Smith (Detroit: Gale, 1992).

"The Search for Community: Michigan Society and Education, 1945-1980s" in Michigan: Visions of Our Past, ed. Richard J. Hathaway (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1989).

"Black Population: Growth, Distribution, and Public Office, 1800-1983" in Ethnic Groups in Michigan, eds. James Anderson and Iva A. Smith (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1983).

"American Blacks as Perpetual Victims: An Historical Overview" in Victimization of the Weak: Contemporary Social Reactions, eds. J. Scherer and G. Shepherd (Springfield: Charles Thomas, 1982).

"Louis C. Miriani," "Jerome P. Cavanaugh" and "Roman S. Gribbs" in Biographical Dictionary of American Mayors, eds. Melvin G. Holli and Peter Jones (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1981).

"Augusta Christine Savage" in Notable American Women: The Modern Period, eds. Barbara Sicherman and Carol Hurd Green (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980).

"Ida Gray Nelson Rollins, D.D.S." in Profile of the Negro in American Dentistry, ed. Foster Kidd (Washington: Howard University Press, 1979).

"Benjamin Mays," "Charles C. Spaulding, "Mary Church Terrell" and "Jonathan J. Wright" in The Encyclopedia of Southern History, eds. Robert W. Twyman and David C. Roller (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979).

"Mary McLeod Bethune" in Dictionary of American Biography (New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1977).

"Mary McLeod Bethune" in Encyclopedia of American Biography, eds. John Garraty and Jerome Sternstein (New York: Harper & Row, 1974).